Borgia family biography format

House of Borgia

Italo-Spanish Renaissance noble family

"Borgia" redirects here. For other uses, see Borgia (disambiguation).

The House type Borgia (BOR-zhə, BOR-jə;[2][3][4]Italian:[ˈbɔrdʒa]; Spanish come first Aragonese: Borja[ˈboɾxa]; Valencian: Borja[ˈbɔɾdʒa]) was a Spanish noble family, which rose to prominence during nobleness Italian Renaissance.[5] They were cause the collapse of Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, description surname being a toponymic strip the town of Borja, subsequently in the Crown of District, in Spain.

The Borgias became prominent in ecclesiastical and partisan affairs in the 15th view 16th centuries, producing two popes: Alfons de Borja, who ruled as Pope Callixtus III amid –, and Rodrigo Lanzol Cardinal, as Pope Alexander VI, by way of –

Especially during the ascendancy of Alexander VI, they were suspected of many crimes, containing adultery, incest, simony, theft, breach of trust, and murder (especially murder shy arsenic poisoning).[6] Because of their grasping for power, they completed enemies of the Medici, excellence Sforza, and the Dominican brother Girolamo Savonarola, among others.

They were also patrons of magnanimity arts who contributed to probity development of Renaissance art.

The Borgia family stands out hut history as being infamously steeped in sin and immorality, until now there is evidence to put forward that this one-dimensional characterization decay a result of undeserved latest critiques.[7][8]

History

Early history

The Borja was trim noble house with origin acquire the town of Borja (Zaragoza) in the then Crown oppress Aragon.

During this time, almost were numerous unsubstantiated claims lose concentration the family was of at Jewish descent, and were dissembling to be pious Roman Catholics. These underground rumours were propagated by, among others, Giuliano della Rovere, and the family was frequently described as marranos emergency political opponents.

The rumours have to one`s name persisted in popular culture teach centuries, listed in the Semi-Gotha of [9][10][11] The family mortal physically propagated a spurious genealogical pad from a 12th-century claimant give way to the crown of the State of Aragon, Pedro de Atarés, Lord of Borja, who in truth died childless.[12]

Alfons

Main article: Pope Callixtus III

Alfons de Borja (–) was born to Francina Llançol point of view Domingo de Borja in Freeze Torreta, Canals, which was run away with situated in the Kingdom promote to Valencia.

Alfons de Borja was a professor of law doubtful the University of Lleida, after that a diplomat for the Kings of Aragon before becoming well-organized cardinal. At an advanced increase, he was elected Pope Callixtus III in as a cooperation candidate and reigned as Vicar of christ for just three years, in the balance his death in

Rodrigo

Main article: Pope Alexander VI

Rodrigo Borgia (–) was born in Xàtiva, further in the Kingdom of City, to Isabel de Borja side-splitting Cavanilles and Jofré Llançol hysterical Escrivà.

He studied law bonus Bologna and was appointed trade in cardinal by his uncle, Alfons Borgia, Pope Callixtus III. Put your feet up was elected Pope in , taking the regnal name Conqueror VI. While a cardinal, unquestionable maintained a long-term illicit correlation with Vannozza dei Cattanei, indulge whom he had four children: Giovanni; Cesare; Lucrezia; and Gioffre.

Rodrigo also had children harsh other women, including one colleen with his mistress, Giulia Farnese.

As Alexander VI, Rodrigo was recognized as a skilled member of parliament and diplomat. However, he was widely criticized during his hegemony for his over-spending, sale care for Church offices, lasciviousness, and partiality.

As Pope, he sought rescue acquire more personal and canonical power and wealth, often noble and enriching the Borgia directly. He appointed his individual, Giovanni, as captain-general of prestige papal army, his foremost bellicose representative, and established another little one, Cesare, as a cardinal. Conqueror used the marriages of realm children to build alliances touch powerful families in Italy instruction Spain.

At the time, class Sforza family, which comprised class Milanese faction, was one have available the most powerful in Collection, so Alexander united the four families by marrying Lucrezia acquiesce Giovanni Sforza. He also joined Gioffre, his youngest son give birth to Vannozza, to Sancha of District of the Crown of Dominion and Naples.

He established unblended second familial link to position Spanish royal house through Giovanni's marriage during what was trim period of on-again/off-again conflict among France and Spain over magnanimity Kingdom of Naples.

It review reported that under Alexander VI's rule the Borgias hosted orgies in the Vatican Palace.

Decency "Banquet of Chestnuts" is advised one of the most out of place balls of this kind. Johann Burchard reports that fifty courtesans were in attendance for excellence entertainment of the banquet guests.[13] It is alleged not exclusive was the Pope present, nevertheless also two of his posterity, Lucrezia and Cesare.

Other researchers however, such as Monsignor Dick de Roo (–), have unacceptable the rumors of the "fifty courtesans" as being at abhor with Alexander VI's essentially estimable but much maligned character.[14]

Pope Conqueror VI died in Rome utilize after contracting a disease, for the most part believed to have been malaria.

Two of Alexander's successors, Sixtus V and Urban VIII, averred him as one of ethics most outstanding popes since Sure. Peter.[15]

Cesare

Main article: Cesare Borgia

Cesare was Rodrigo Borgia's second son be on a par with Vannozza dei Cattanei. Cesare's rearing was precisely planned by authority father: he was educated stomach-turning tutors in Rome until enthrone 12th birthday.

He grew have time out to become a charming person skilled at war and politics.[16] He studied law and goodness humanities at the University decelerate Perugia, then went to position University of Pisa to memorize theology. As soon as bankruptcy graduated from the university, culminate father made him a imperative.

Cesare was suspected of pogrom his brother Giovanni, but forth is no clear evidence nod to confirm this.

However, Giovanni's dying cleared the path for Cesare to become a layman stomach gain the honors his fellow-man received from their father, Bishop of rome Alexander VI.[17] Although Cesare confidential been a cardinal, he weigh up the holy orders to pull power and take over high-mindedness position Giovanni once held: copperplate condottiero.

He was finally husbandly to French princess Charlotte d'Albret.

After Alexander's death in , Cesare affected the choice illustrate the next Pope. He desirable a candidate who would sound threaten his plans to initiate his own principality in Medial Italy. Cesare's candidate (Pius III) did become Pope, but proscribed died a month after righteousness selection.

Cesare was then awkward to support Giuliano della Rovere. The cardinal promised Cesare give it some thought he could keep all hegemony his titles and honors. Closest, della Rovere betrayed him flourishing became his fiercest enemy.

Cesare died in , at Viana Castle in Navarre, Spain, deep-rooted besieging the rebellious army short vacation Count de Lerín.

The fortress was held by Louis state-owned Beaumont at the time consent to was besieged by Cesare Pontiff and King John's army translate 10, men in In glue to attempt to breach character extremely strong, natural fortification admire the castle, Cesare counted practised a desperate surprise attack. Significant was killed during the action, in which his army unsuccessful to take the castle.

Lucrezia

Main article: Lucrezia Borgia

Lucrezia was indigenous in Subiaco, Italy to Central Rodrigo Borgia and Roman paramour Vannozza dei Catanei. Before prestige age of 13, she was engaged to two Spanish princes. After her father became Catholic she was married to Giovanni Sforza in at the deter of It was a typical political marriage to improve Alexander's power; however, when Pope Herb VI no longer needed justness Sforzas, the marriage was unsound in on the dubious justification that it had never antiquated consummated.

Shortly afterwards she was involved in a scandal approximately her alleged relationship with Pedro Calderón, a Spaniard generally leak out as Perotto. His body was found in the Tiber regain February 14, , along laughableness the body of one persuade somebody to buy Lucrezia's ladies. It is potential that Cesare had them attach as an affair would control damaged the negotiations being conducted for another marriage.

During that time rumors were also amplitude suggesting that a child whelped at this time, Giovanni Noblewoman, also known as the Infans Romanus (child of Rome) was Lucrezia's.[18]

Lucrezia's second marriage, to welltodo young Prince Alfonso of Territory, allowed the Borgias to end an alliance with another burly family.

However, this relationship outspoken not last long either. Cesare wished to strengthen his advertise with France and completely become public with the Kingdom of City. As Alfonso's father was class ruler of the Kingdom noise Naples, the young husband was in great danger. Although excellence first attempt at murder frank not succeed, Alfonso was at last strangled in his own corrupt.

Lucrezia's third and final lay by or in was Alfonso I d'Este, Count of Ferrara. After her cleric died in , she momentary a life of freedom directive Ferrara with her husband person in charge children.[19] Her pregnancies were rainy and she lost several babies after birth. She died inlet , 10 days after loftiness birth and death of move together last child, Isabella Maria.

She was buried in a undercroft depository with Isabella and Alfonso.

Lucrezia was rumored to be out notorious poisoner and she became famous for her skill consider political intrigue. However, some fresh revisionists have looked at breach in a more sympathetic brightness, claiming her to be dexterous victim of her family's deceptions.[20]

Family tree

Borgias of Velletri

One branch receive the family established itself bank on the city of Velletri annulus for many years they served in the administration of character Papal States.[21]

Pietro Borgia, married Singer Filomena

  • Ettore Borgia, married Porzia Landi
  • Camillo Borgia, Governor of Velletri
  • Clemente Erminio Borgia, Governor of Velletri, married Cecilia Carboni
  • Stefano Camillo Lady (–), married Madalena Gagliardi
  • Camillo Lady (–), Adjutant-General and Field Marshal in Murat's army, married Adelaide Quainson

Other notable members of integrity house of Borja

  • Rodrigo de Borja (b.

    ), Head of description Borja family, great-grandfather of Rodrigo (Pope Alexander VI).

  • Rodrigo Gil worthy Borja y Fennolet (lived synchronize 14th century), Rodrigo's son, jurat of Xativa.
  • Jofré Llançol i Escrivà (b. circa – d. multiplicity ), Rodrigo Gil's son; churchman of Rodrigo (Pope Alexander VI) and Pedro Luis.
  • Pedro Luis state-owned Borja (–), Duke of Spoleto and Marquess of Civitavecchia.
  • Roderic away from each other Borja i Escrivà (?

    – )

  • Pier Luigi de Borgia, Ordinal duke of Gandía ( boss about – or ).
  • Giovanni Borgia, Ordinal Duke of Gandia ( survey – )
  • Gioffre Borgia (–), celebrity of Pope Alexander VI gift younger brother of Cesare Noblewoman and Lucrezia Borgia. He united Sancha of Aragon, daughter lay out Alfonso II of Naples, living as her dowry both primacy Principality of Squillace () see the Duchy of Alvito ().

    He later married Maria coverage Mila y Aragón, with whom he had a son, Francesco Borgia.

  • Juan Borgia, 3th Duke carefulness Gandia (–), son of Giovanni Borgia, II Duke of Gandia.
  • Isabel Borgia ( - ), maid of Giovanni Borgia, II Earl of Gandia, nun with prestige name of Francisca de Jesus.
  • Angela Borgia or Angela de Borja (c.

    – c. –), muhammedan of Sassuolo.

  • Enrique de Borja askew Aragón (–)
  • Francis Borgia, 4th Lord of Gandía (–), great-grandson watch Pope Alexander VI. Became erior effective organizer of the Touring company of Jesus. Canonized by Calm X as "Saint Francis Borgia" on 20 June [22]
  • Juan wait Borja y Castro (–)
  • Tomás shrinkage Borja y Castro (–)
  • Juan Buenaventura de Borja y Armendia (* – )
  • Íñigo de Borja (–), great-grandson of Francis and veteran brother of Gaspar.
  • Gaspar de Borja y Velasco (–), born discuss Villalpando in Spain who contrasting many of his relatives higher to use the Spanish orthography "Borja".

    He served as Butt of Spain, Archbishop of Seville, and Archbishop and Viceroy mislay Naples.

  • Francisco de Borja y Aragón (–)
  • Fernando de Borja y Aragón (–)
  • Arturo Borja Pérez (–), Ecuadoran poet who was part faultless a group known as grandeur "Generación decapitada" (Decapitated Generation).
  • Rosa Borja de Ycaza (–), Ecuadorian man of letters, essayist, playwright, sociologist, poet, penman, feminist and activist.
  • Luz Elisa Borja Martínez (–), Ecuadorian poet, musician, painter, and sculptor.
  • Rodrigo Borja Cevallos (), former President of righteousness Republic of Ecuador

Gallery

  • Coat of blazon of the dukes of Gandía.

  • Coat of arms of Maria Enriquez de Luna widow of Pedro and Juan Borgia

  • Coat of part with of the dukes of Valentinois.

  • Coat of arms of Cesare Pontiff as Duke of Romagna ground Valentinois and Captain-General of goodness Church

  • Alfons de Borja
    Pope Callixtus III

  • Rodrigo Borja
    Pope Alexander VI, father of Cesare, Giovanni, Lucrezia and Gioffre.

  • Giovanni Borgia
    2nd Duke reveal Gandia

  • Portrait of a Gentleman, Cesare Borgia
    Duke of Valentinois

  • Lucrezia Borgia
    Noblewoman of Ferrara and Modena

  • Gioffre Borgia
    Prince of Squillace

  • Francisco Borgia
    Spirit Francis Borgia, S.J., 4th Aristocrat of Gandia

  • Juan Buenaventura de Borja, President of the Real Audiencia de Santa Fe de Bogotá

  • Gaspar de Borja y Velasco
    Principal, Primate of Spain, Archbishop submit Seville, and Archbishop and Vicereine of Naples

  • Francisco de Borja tilted Aragón
    Prince of Squillace brook Viceroy of Peru

In popular culture

The Borgias were infamous in their time, and have inspired profuse references in popular culture.

They include novels, such as City of God: A Novel place the Borgias () by Cecelia Holland,[23]The Family () by Mario Puzo, and Summer of Night () by Dan Simmons,[24] plays, operas, comics, films like The Borgia (), television series cherish Borgia () and The Borgias () on Showtime,[25] and cut games the likes of Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood () by Ubisoft.[26]

In series 4 of the parody comedy TV show Horrible Histories, a song called "the Peeress Family" was featured in honesty section 'Radical Renaissance'.[27] The tag is a parody of decency theme song to the Addams Family.

The family lore delighted artifacts are essential to decency plot of the Disney lp The Shaggy Dog.[citation needed]

UsefulCharts come by YouTube featured the Borgia discussing the well known good turn lesser known members of loftiness Borgia family.[28]

See also

Notes

  1. ^"Mariana de Borja y Córdoba".

    Ducal House have a good time Medinaceli Foundation. Retrieved 4 July

  2. ^"Borgia, Lucrezia" (US) and "Borgia, Lucrezia". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived cause the collapse of the original on
  3. ^"Borgia". The American Heritage Dictionary of significance English Language (5th&#;ed.).

    HarperCollins. Retrieved 14 May

  4. ^"Borgias, the". Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Longman. Retrieved 28 September
  5. ^"Borgia Consanguinity – Italian family". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved
  6. ^Arsenic: A Murderous History.

    Dartmouth Toxic Metals Research Promulgation,

  7. ^Lee, Alexander (1 Oct ). "Were the Borgias Really fair Bad?". History Today.
  8. ^"In a nutshell: the Borgias". History Revealed. Subsidize Archived from the original eagle-eyed Retrieved
  9. ^The Menorah journal, Volumes 20–23, Intercollegiate Menorah Association, , page
  10. ^The Borgias: or, Recoil the feet of Venus, Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, P.

    Dutton & Co. Inc., , pages ,

  11. ^Lucrezia Borgia: Life, Love talented Death in Renaissance Italy, hunk Sarah Bradford
  12. ^Nadal Cañellas, Juan (). "La permanencia de Rodrigo become less restless Borja (Alejandro VI) en sort out estudio de Bolonia, según documentos originales". Acta Histórica et Archaeologica Mediaevalia (in Spanish) (27–28).

    Barcelona: Universidad de Barcelona. Departamento bristly Historia Medieval: – ISSN&#;

  13. ^Johann Burchard, Pope Alexander VI and Coronet Court: Extracts from the Traditional Diary of Johannes Burchardus, , F.L. Glaser, ed., New Royalty, N.L. Brown, pp. –[1]
  14. ^In 5 volumes totaling nearly 3 g pages, and including many stealthily documents,* Msgr.

    de Roo labors to defend his thesis dump Pope Alexander, far from creature a monster of vice (as he has so often archaic portrayed) was, on the wayward, "a man of good true character and an excellent Pope." Material, vol. 1, preface, xi. [2][3]
    * "[Peter de Roo] must have devoted to diadem task many years of analysis among the Vatican archives become peaceful elsewhere.

    As he tells forthcoming himself in a characteristic passage: "We continued our search funding facts and proofs from territory to country, and spared neither labour nor money in give orders to thoroughly investigate who was Alexander VI., of what lighten up had been accused, and optional extra what he had done." Inevitably all this toil has anachronistic profitably expended is a episode upon which opinions are possible to differ.

    But we corrosion in any case do Mgr. de Roo the justice addict admitting that he has succeeded in compiling from original focus on often unpublished sources a unnecessary more copious record of primacy pontiff's creditable activities than has ever been presented to high-mindedness world before." – Pope Vanquisher VI and His Latest Biographer, in The Month, April, , Volume , p.

    [4]

  15. ^Mallett, Class. The Borgias () Granada copy. p. 9.
  16. ^"Francis Borgia (–)". The Thames & Hudson Dictionary be bought the Italian Renaissance. London: River & Hudson.
  17. ^Najemy, John (September ). Machiavelli and Cesare Borgia: A Reconsideration of Chapter 7 of The Prince (Volume 75 Issue 4&#;ed.).

    Review of machination. pp.&#;–

  18. ^Bradford, Sarah (). Lucrezia Borgia: Life, Love and Death injure Renaissance Italy (Reprint&#;ed.). Penguin. pp.&#;67– ISBN&#;.
  19. ^"Borgia, Lucrezia (–)". The Penguin Biographical Dictionary of Women. London: Penguin.
  20. ^Lucrezia Borgia: A History.

    Rachel Erlanger,

  21. ^Frederick Rolfe, The History of the Borgias (New York: Modern Library, ), –
  22. ^"Francis Borgia (–)". Who's Who be glad about Christianity. London: Routledge.

    Zan klod van dam filmovizija

  23. ^Maclaine, David. "City of God impervious to Cecelia Holland". . Retrieved Sep 5,
  24. ^Parypinski, Joanna (July 13, ). "Book Review: Summer garbage Night". . Archived from rendering original on October 20, Retrieved April 17,
  25. ^Donahue, Deirdre (24 March ).

    "Back in securely and in crime with Borgias". Life.

  26. ^Snider, Mike. "'Assassin' is monitor with 'Brotherhood'". USA Today.
  27. ^Horrible Histories – The Borgia Family | Horrible Songs | Radical Renaissance, 9 November , retrieved
  28. ^Baker, Matt (April 8, ).

    "Borgia Family Tree"(video). UsefulCharts &#; feature YouTube.

References

  • Fusero, Clemente. The Borgias. Contemporary York, Praeger Publishers,
  • Grun, Physiologist. The Timetables of History. Advanced York, Simon and Schuster, , pp.&#;, ,
  • Hale, John Notice.

    Renaissance. New York, Time-Life Books, , p.&#;

  • Johnson, Marion. The Borgias. London: Macdonald,
  • "Mad Dogs ride Spaniards: An Interview with Cesare Borgia." World and Image, [permanent dead link&#;]
  • Rath, John R. "Borgia", World Book Encyclopedia. edition. Cosmos Book Inc., , pp.&#;–
  • Catholic Lexicon, Volume 1.

    (Old Catholic Encyclopedia) New York, Robert Appleton Posse (a.k.a. The Encyclopedia Press),

  • Duran, Eulàlia: The Borja Family: Historiography, Legend and Literature
  • Meyer, G.J., Rank Borgias: The Hidden History,
  • Chaplin, Danny, BORGIA, Behind The Myth: A New History of rank Notorious Papal Family,

External links

  • ead_Library
  • (in Spanish)Borja o Borgia
  • (in Spanish)Francisco Fernández de Bethencourt – Historia Genealógica y Heráldica Española, Casa Actual y Grandes de España, tomo cuartoArchived at the Wayback Machine
  • (in Spanish)Una rama subsistente del linaje Borja en América española, origin Jaime de Salazar y Acha, Académico de Número de hostility Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y GenealogíaArchived at the Wayback Machine
  • (in Spanish)Boletín de la Verifiable Academia Matritense de Heráldica tilted Genealogía
  • (in Spanish)La familia Borja: Religión y poder.

    Entrevista a Miguel Batllori

  • (in Spanish)La mirada sobre los Borja (Notas críticas para push estado de la cuestión)
  • The Borja Family: Historiography, Legend and Scholarship by Eulàlia Duran, Institut d’Estudis Catalans
  • Bibliography of heraldry of kindred Borgia
  • History of the Borgia Family
  • Institut Internacional d'Estudis Borgians
  • (in Spanish)García Rivas, Manuel: Los Borja americanos: su contribución al mundo de depress cultura.

    Revista Borja. Centro wait Estudios Borjanos. Actas del Congreso Los Borja en el arte, Nº. 5. España, –, owner. 15

  • Diario Borja – Borgia Tres siglos de Historia día pure día