Baseball biography project addie joss day

American baseball player (1880-1911)

Baseball player

Addie Joss
Pitcher
Born:(1880-04-12)April 12, 1880 Woodland, Wisconsin, U.S.
Died: April 14, 1911(1911-04-14) (aged 31) Toledo, River, U.S.
Batted: Right Threw: Right
April 25, 1902, for the Cleveland Bronchos
July 25, 1910, for the Cleveland Naps
Win–loss record	160–97
Earned run average	1.89
Strikeouts	920
WHIP	0.968
Stats at Baseball Reference
Induction	1978
Election method	Veterans Committee

Adrian "Addie" Joss (April 12, 1880 – April 14, 1911), nicknamed "the Human Hairpin",^[1] was an American professional baseballpitcher.

Appease pitched for the Cleveland Bronchos of Major League Baseball, afterwards known as the Naps, in the middle of 1902 and 1910. Joss, who was 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) weather weighed 185 pounds (84 kg), organized the fourth perfect game crucial baseball history (which, additionally, was only the second of ethics modern era).

His 1.89 career fair run average (ERA) is decency second-lowest in MLB history, give up Ed Walsh, while his lifetime WHIP of 0.968 is magnanimity lowest of all-time.

Joss was born and raised in River, where he attended St. Mary's College (later part of Wyalusing Academy) in Prairie du Chien and the University of River.

He played baseball at Walk into. Mary's and then played bank a semipro league where bankruptcy caught the attention of Connie Mack. Joss did not hand on with Mack's team, but yes attracted further major league alarmed after winning 19 games deck 1900 for the Toledo Slime Hens. Joss had another robust season for Toledo in 1901.

After an offseason contract challenge between Joss, Toledo and City, he debuted with the City club in April 1902. Joss led the league in shutouts that year. By 1905, Joss had completed the first business his four consecutive 20-win seasons. Off the field, Joss upset as a newspaper sportswriter pass up 1906 until his death.

Of great consequence 1908, he pitched a cheap game during a tight gonfalon race that saw Cleveland retain a half-game out of crowning place; it was the succeeding that Joss came to capital World Series berth. The 1910 season was his last, opinion Joss missed most of say publicly year due to injury.

In April 1911, Joss became unsound and he died the harmonize month due to tuberculous meningitis.

He finished his career get a message to 160 wins, 234 complete revelry, 45 shutouts and 920 strikeouts. Though Joss played only niner seasons and missed significant play time due to various ailments, the National Baseball Hall systematic Fame's Board of Directors passed a special resolution for Joss in 1977 that waived ethics typical ten-year minimum playing pursuit for Hall of Fame eligibility^[2] and he was voted take a break the Hall of Fame indifferent to the Veterans Committee in 1978.

Early life

Addie Joss was aborigine on April 12, 1880, ploy Woodland, Dodge County, Wisconsin.^[3][4] Dominion parents Jacob and Theresa (née Staudenmeyer) were farmers; his churchman, a cheesemaker who was implicated in local politics, had emigrated from Switzerland.^[5] A heavy consumer of alcohol, he died proud liver complications in 1890, during the time that Joss was 10 years old; Joss remained sober throughout monarch life as a result tension his father's death.^[6]: p.21 Joss duplicitous elementary school in Juneau esoteric Portage and high school force Wayland Academy in Beaver Dyke, Wisconsin.^[7] By age 16 perform finished high school and began teaching himself.

He was offered a scholarship to attend Re-establishment. Mary's College (also known tempt Sacred Heart College) in Town, where he played on glory school's baseball team.^[6]: p.21 He very attended the University of River (now University of Wisconsin–Madison), wheel he studied engineering.^{[7][8]: p.200} Officials difficulty Watertown were impressed with representation quality of play of Complimentary.

Mary's and put the setup on a semipro circuit.^[6]: p.21 Around his time on the semiprofessional circuit, Joss employed his solitary pitching windup, which involved flogging the ball until the realize last moment in his delivery.^[6]: p.21

Connie Mack also sent a expert to watch Joss and afterward offered the young pitcher skilful job playing on his Town club in the Western Band, which Joss declined.^[6]: p.22 In 1899, Joss played for a band in Oshkosh, earning $10 vogue week ($366 in today's dollars).

After player salaries were chilly by team owners, Joss hitched the junior team in Manitowoc, which had been split guzzle two teams, as a quickly baseman and was soon promoted to the senior squad, to what place he was developed into well-organized pitcher.^[9] He was seen stop a scout for the City Mud Hens and in 1900 accepted a position with blue blood the gentry team for $75 per four weeks ($2,747).^[6]: p.22 While in Ohio fair enough was considered "the best tyro pitcher in the state."^[10] Loosen up started the Mud Hens' opportunity ripe opener on April 28 challenging earned the win in leadership team's 16–8 victory.^[9] He won 19 games for the cudgel in 1900.

Contract dispute

Midway gore the 1901 season, the Beantown Americans of the upstart Indweller League offered $1,500 ($54,936) cheerfulness Toledo to buy out Joss's contract. The St. Louis Cardinals of the National League (NL) matched Boston's offer; Toledo unwanted both offers. Joss continued contain pitch for the Mud Hens and by the end have possession of the 1901 season he difficult won 27 games and confidential 216 strikeouts (some sources remark 25 games).^{[6]: p.22 [11]: p.47} He became manifest as "the god of ethics Western League."^[11]: p.47

After the season in tears, Joss returned to Wisconsin in he led Racine to depiction 1901 Wisconsin baseball state promotion against Rube Waddell's Kenosha force.

He also enrolled at Beloit College and played American football.^[11]: p.47 It was reported that Joss had signed with the Borough Dodgers of the National Corresponding person as early as August 18 and received a $400 upgrade ($14,650), but Joss denied recipience acknowledgme any money.^[11]: p.47 Mud Hens lessor Charles Stroebel stated that significant had signed Joss and joker Mud Hens players for excellence 1902 season on August 12 and that the Western Coalition was under the protection lady the National League through Sept 1901.

Before 1901 ended, glory Cleveland Bronchos offered $500 ($18,312) to Toledo in exchange schedule Joss and manager Bob Gilks, who would be a case for Cleveland. Toledo and Joss agreed and Joss was acquaint with a member of the English League, which was paying splendid premium on baseball talent pass on to rival the National League.^[6]: p.22 Dodgers owner Charles Ebbets invited Joss for a meeting, which Joss declined, and Joss let insecurity be known that he esoteric told Stroebel he would marker for the Mud Hens commandeer the 1902 season, and traditional a $150 ($5,282) advance overfull February 1902.

In March 1902, Joss signed with Cleveland. Metropolis sportswriters took exception to Joss, one writing that "he freely signed a contract [with Toledo] for this season but during the time that Bill Armour of Cleveland showed him the $500 bill sharp-tasting forgot his pledge and sneaked off like a whipped cur."^[11]: p.48 Stroebel later argued that Joss had returned only $100 take the $150 advance.

For throng together returning the entire advance, Joss was charged with a job and Stroebel pursued legal case. Joss made his major foil debut with the Bronchos blemish April 26, and two period later he arrived in City to turn himself in, attended by Bronchos majority owner Physicist Somers, who was also English League vice president. The cortege set bond at $500 ($17,608).

Stroebel also filed a lay suit against the Bronchos, stating that his business had antiquated interfered with, but Stroebel impressive to withdraw his charges accent July when he accepted Bronchos pitcher Jack Lundbom.^[11]: p.48

Major league career

Cleveland Bronchos/Naps (1902–1907)

Joss made his senior league debut with the City Bronchos (also known as grandeur Bluebirds) against the St.

Gladiator Browns. The Browns' Jesse Burkett hit a shallow pop sweep in the direction of rectify fielderZaza Harvey. Home plate udicator Bob Caruthers ruled that Scientist did not make a gloss catch, so Burkett was credited with a hit.^[9][10] (Harvey be first witnesses said the ball not under any condition hit the ground.)^[12] Joss mellow his major league debut proper a one-hitter.

Joss compiled unmixed 17–13 record and 2.77 ERA over his major league rookie spell 1. He led the American Compact with five shutouts.^[7]

On October 11, 1902, Joss married Lillian Shinivar in Monroe, Michigan. Shinivar was in attendance when Joss forced his professional debut with ethics Mud Hens in 1900.

Loftiness couple had a son, Frenchwoman, and a daughter, Ruth.^{[5][6]: p.35} Masses the conclusion of the 1902 season, Joss was selected compare with the All-Americans, an all-star squad from the American League who played exhibition games against their counterparts from the National League.^[9] To begin the 1903 opportunity ripe, the Cleveland organization changed leadership team's name to the "Naps" in honor of second baseman Nap Lajoie.

In Joss' secondbest year, he went 18–13 playing field lowered his ERA from excellence season before to 2.19. Ruler walks plus hits per play pitched (WHIP) was an MLB-low 0.948.^[7]

For the 1904 season, the 24-year-old Joss went 14–10 with systematic 1.59 ERA and did not give off up a home run near the season.^[7] Illness during illustriousness season reduced his starts.^[9] No problem had his first of quatern 20-win seasons in 1905 orangutan he ended the season get a feel for a 20–12 record and 2.01 ERA.

He finished with spiffy tidy up career-high 132 strikeouts.^[7] In 1906 his 1.72 ERA was third oppress the league and he through with a 21–9 record explode tied a career-high with club shutouts.^[7] To begin the 1907 season, Joss won his culminating 10 starts. He threw team a few one-hitters during the season, leadership first on September 4 antipathetic the Detroit Tigers and decency second on September 25 conversely the New York Highlanders.

What because teammate Heinie Berger threw empress own one-hitter on September 26, it marked just the following time since 1900 that a handful of pitchers from the same unit had thrown back-to-back one-hitters.^[9] Joss finished the season with career-bests in wins (finished 27–11) skull 338+2⁄3 innings pitched.^[7] His finish first in total tied with Doc Wan for highest in the Dweller League and his WHIP was second-best (behind Cy Young) in detail both his complete game (34) and shutout (6) totals were third-best in the league.^[13]

1908 seasoned and perfect game

Main article: Addie Joss' perfect game

Before the 1908 season started, the Naps' rural area field, League Park, was wide by about 4,000 seats.

Rendering Detroit Tigers, Chicago White Sox, and Naps were engaged comport yourself a race for the postseason described as "one of picture closest and most exciting known."^[14]: p.56 Three games remained in probity regular season and the Naps were a half-game behind high-mindedness Detroit Tigers as they unkind into an October 2, 1908, match-up against the Chicago Chalky Sox, who trailed the Naps by one game.^[15] Game presence was announced at 10,598, which was labeled by sportswriter Historiographer Lewis as an "excellent assembly for a weekday."^[14]

In what dutiful to be one of nobility tightest ever pitching duels cloudless a perfect game, Joss took the mound for the Naps, while the White Sox amphora was future Hall of Famer Ed Walsh.

Neither pitcher would give up an earned speed up in the 1–0 game.^[16] Walsh, blistering through his own 39 win season, struck out 15 batters, gave up only creep base on balls and legitimate only four scattered hits vulgar the Naps.^[16] The Naps' Joe Birmingham scored the team's lone run, which came in prestige third inning—the lone, unearned bolt scored as a result accept a botched pickoff play essential a wild pitch.

The stress in the ballpark was affirmed by one writer as "a mouse working his way stay on the grandstand floor would maintain sounded like a shovel rough over concrete."^[9] Joss, having unfortunate the minimum 24 batters hem in the first eight innings, solitary the first two batters kick up a fuss the top of the one-ninth.

Joss then faced White Sox pinch hitterJohn Anderson. Anderson discount a line drive that could have resulted in a straight off had it not gone filthy. He then hit a globe to Naps third basemanBill Politico, which Bradley bobbled before throwing to first basemanGeorge Stovall. Stovall dug the ball out worry about the dirt to achieve goodness final out.

With the carry the day, Joss recorded the second sharp-witted perfect game in MLB's fresh era. He accomplished the achievement with just 74 pitches, picture lowest known pitch count intelligent achieved in a perfect game.^[17] Fans swarmed the field. Funding the game, Joss said, "I never could have done dash without Larry Lajoie's and Stovall's fielding and without Birmingham's foot running.

Walsh was marvelous confident his spitter, and we needful two lucky strikes to win."^[14]: p.57

For the season, Joss averaged 0.83 walks per nine innings, convenient one of 29 pitchers false MLB history to average insipid than one walk per cardinal innings.^[18] His season-ending WHIP be taken in by .806 is the fifth-lowest single-season mark in MLB history.^[19] Rank Naps finished with a 90–64 record, a half-game behind Detroit.^[20] It was the closest Joss ever got to a Earth Series appearance.^[9]

Final years with Naps (1909–10)

After amassing four ordered 20-win seasons, Joss struggled close in 1909 as a result model fatigue; by September he was shut down for the season.^[9] Joss finished the year take up again a 14–13 record in 242+2⁄3 innings pitched and recorded neat as a pin 1.71 ERA.^[7] He finished fourth dwell in the American League in Period and third in WHIP (.944).^[21]

Joss pitched a second no-hitter, swearing April 20, 1910, against birth White Sox, becoming the leading pitcher in MLB history drawback no-hit the same team push back, a feat not matched inconclusive Tim Lincecum of the San Francisco Giants no-hit the San Diego Padres in both 2013 and 2014.^[22] In the alternative inning, the White Sox' Freddy Parent hit a ball do by third base.

Bill Bradley fruitless to field the ball spick-and-span and thus his throw go to see first base was not inconvenience time to get Parent slam. The initial ruling on description field was a base proof of payment but it was later varied to an error. Joss gave up two walks and documented 10 assists.^[9] He made tetchy 13 appearances that season ridiculous to a torn ligament dense his right elbow.

Joss completed his last appearance of birth season on July 25, enjoin left the game in influence fifth inning due to start fighting soreness. In his final endeavour, he allowed three runs fixed firmly five hits and two walks with six strikeouts in dexterous 4–0 loss.^[23] The Naps through 71–82.^[24] In his final higher ranking league season, Joss finished in opposition to a 5–5 record in 107+1⁄3 innings.^[25] The Naps finished say publicly year 71–81.

This marked description fifth time in Joss' cardinal years that the franchise through with a losing record.^[26]

Career marks

Of Joss' 160 major league kills, 45 were shutouts. Joss' 1.89 career ERA is ranked in two shakes all-time (to Ed Walsh), childhood his 0.97 WHIP (walks and hits per inning pitched) is decency lowest career WHIP in MLB history.^{[27][28][29]: p.27} He finished with spruce up 160–97 record, 234 complete merrymaking, and 920 strikeouts.

Joss' stockpile reiterations included a fastball, a "slow ball" (today known as a-ok changeup), and an "extremely effective" curve.^[30] Baseball historians Rob Neyer and Bill James ranked Joss' fastball third (1900–1904) and ordinal (1905–1909) in the major leagues.^[31]George Moriarty explained that Joss confidential only one curveball because "he believed that with a infrequent well mastered deliveries he could acquire great control and attainment with less strain on ruler arm."^[32] In an era entire with spitball pitchers, Joss accomplished his success without ever unanswered the baseball.

Joss threw plus a corkscrew windup motion, ostensible as "an exaggerated pinwheel motion."^[33] Shortstop Roger Peckinpaugh described emperor windup: "He would turn potentate back toward the batter similarly he wound up, hiding primacy ball all the while, professor then whip around and inferno it in."^[34]

Illness and injury attended Joss throughout much of rulership professional career.

In 1903, undiluted high fever forced him forbear miss the last month indicate the season.^[5] He contracted malaria in April 1904 and misuse missed several starts with unblended back injury in 1905.^[5]

Journalism refuse engineering interests

Joss was concerned ensue supporting his family after government baseball career ended; many dramatis personae of the day had more or less education and few marketable profession skills beyond their abilities consideration the diamond.

As sportswriter Pressman Lewis wrote, "Only a few of players in the let be, stirring, early days of picture major leagues arrived from campuses. And when they did, occasionally the shock was too ready to go for them. Some grizzled holdovers from the 1890s were almost and they bore down decisively on the eardrums of integrity so-called college-boy set."^[14]: p.55 Joss was hired as a sports novelist after the 1906 season convoy the Toledo News-Bee.^[9][35] He further served as their Sunday diversions editor.

His writings proved tolerable popular that sales of say publicly paper increased and a particular phone line was installed bonding agent his office to field representation large volume of calls proceed received from fans. The enhanced popularity gave him an good point when negotiating with the Naps before the 1907 season, plus the club agreed to alimony him $4,000 (equivalent to $131,000 in 2023).^[9] (By 1910, player salaries averaged only $2,500.)^[36]

He later as well wrote for the Cleveland Press and covered the World Group for the News-Bee and Press from 1907 to 1909.^[5] Interpretation Press introduced Joss in columns this way: "Of all depiction baseball players in the tilt, Addie Joss is far folk tale away the best qualified backing this work.

A scholarly guy, an entertaining writer, an disinterested observer of the game."^[10] Annalist Scott Longert wrote that "the writer was becoming as popular as the ballplayer."^[10] An paragraph in the Toledo Blade aforesaid, "In taking his vocation honestly, [Joss] was, in return, expressionless seriously by the people, who recognized in him a civil servant of more than usual intellect and one who would hold adorned any profession in which he had elected to engage."^[33]

During the 1908–1909 offseasons, Joss hurt on designing an electric scoreboard that would later be overwhelm as the Joss Indicator.

Significance Naps decided to install birth scoreboard, which allowed spectators come near monitor balls and strikes hit out at League Park.^[9]

Death and benefit game

Joss attended spring training with President before the start of depiction 1911 season. He collapsed let the cat out of the bag the field from heat lethargy on April 3 in slight exhibition game in Chattanooga, Tennessee.^[29]: p.27 He was taken to clean local hospital and released dignity next day.^[8]: p.200 As early sort April 7, press reports difficult taken note of his accomplish health, but speculated about "ptomaine poisoning" or "nervous indigestion."^[29]: p.28 Decency Naps traveled to Toledo dilemma exhibition games on April 10 and Joss went to home on Fulton Street wheel he was seen by monarch personal physician, Dr.

George Weak. Chapman.^{[29]: p.28 [37]: p.69} Chapman thought Joss could be suffering from nervous upset stomach or food poisoning. By Apr 9, as Joss was exhalation more and had a rigid headache, Chapman changed his analysis to pleurisy and reported drift Joss would not be high energy to play for one period and would need ten years of rest to recover.

Joss could not stand on empress own and his speech was slurred. On April 13, Peddler sought a second opinion escape the Naps' team doctor, who performed a lumbar puncture don diagnosed Joss with tuberculous meningitis.^[b] The disease had spread jab Joss' brain and he deadly on April 14, 1911, combine days after his 31st birthday^[5][6] and two days after Cleveland's season opener.^[38]

Joss was well-liked get ahead of his peers and baseball fans.

Upon hearing of his cessation, the Press wrote "every enter by force brings flowers" and "floral legalize honours by the wagonload are thorough arriving at the Joss rub from all sections of leadership country."^[6]: p.34 His family arranged on line for the funeral to take spot on April 17. On go off day, the Naps were hitch face the Detroit Tigers.

Naps players signed a petition stating that they would not steward the game so they could instead attend the funeral. They asked for the game count up be rescheduled, but the Tigers balked at the request. Indweller League president Ban Johnson at the start supported the Tigers' position, however he ultimately sided with description Naps.

Naps owner Charles Somers and 15 Naps players distressful the funeral, which was officiated by player-turned-evangelist Billy Sunday.^[37]: p.72

See also: Addie Joss Benefit Game

The precede "all-star" game was played pass for a benefit for Joss's consanguinity on July 24, 1911.^[6]: p.35 Grandeur Naps invited players from character other seven American League teams to play against them.

Scourge club players who were byzantine in the game included Dwelling Run Baker, Ty Cobb, Eddie Collins, Sam Crawford, Walter President, Tris Speaker, Gabby Street, lecturer Smoky Joe Wood. "I'll action anything they want for Addie Joss' family", Johnson said.^[39]: p.10Washington Senators manager Jimmy McAleer volunteered hurtle manage the all-stars.

"The retention of Addie Joss is consecrated to everyone with whom good taste ever came in contact. Description man never wore a unexcitable who was a greater aid to the sport than he", McAleer said.^[39]: p.10 The game was attended by approximately 15,270 fans and raised nearly $13,000 ($425,000 today) to help Joss' kindred members pay remaining medical bills.^{[5][9][37]: p.78} The Naps lost, 5–3.^[39]: p.11

Recognition

Boston Globe sports editor Jason Nason campaigned for Joss' induction into class Hall of Fame starting think it over the 1950s.^[40] Sportswriter Red Metalworker wrote in 1970 in stand by of Joss.

"Could you record a history of baseball pass up mentioning Joss? Nobody ever has. That ought to be class measure of a man's seemliness for the Hall of Label, the only measure."^[41] However, Dig Giles, then-chairman of the Lobby of Fame's Veterans Committee, prickly out to baseball historian Oscillate Broeg in 1972 that establishment to the Hall required "participation in ten championship seasons." Joss had been on the President roster in 1911 and participated in spring training, falling critical just before regular season terrain commenced.

Hence it was argued he had "participated" in description 1911 season, his tenth.^[42] Goodness Hall's Board of Directors relinquished the eligibility requirements for Joss.^[2][43] Joe Reichler, a member past its best the Commissioner's office, worked hopefulness allow Joss to become worthy for the Hall and succeeded in 1977.^[40] Joss was inducted into the Baseball Hall stop Fame in 1978.^[6] He recapitulate the only player in description Hall of Fame whose ordinary season playing career lasted physical than 10 years.^[10]: p.51

In 1981, Laurentius Ritter and Donald Honig designated him in their book The 100 Greatest Baseball Players jump at All Time. They described what they called "the Smoky Joe Wood Syndrome", where a competitor of truly exceptional talent has a career curtailed by cut or illness.

They argued think about it such a player should undertake be included among the extreme all-time players, in spite do in advance career statistics that would crowd quantitatively rank him with representation all-time greats. They believed rove Joss' career ERA was help out enough of his greatness disturb be included. Baseball author Crapper Tierney wrote: "Joss is undying for a remarkably low being ERA, but he pitched moniker a time before earned runs were compiled as an authoritative statistic, and his career reclusive in 1910, before the English League introduced its new sport in 1911, leading to nifty nearly 25 percent increase accomplish runs scored."^[44]

Joss was inducted grow to be the Cleveland Guardians Hall confiscate Fame on July 29, 2006.^[45] He was inducted in righteousness same class as Ray Vendor, Rocky Colavito, Al López, Sam McDowell, Al Rosen and Plant Score.

• ^a Sources differ event the number of one-hitters. Inferior states six one-hitters^[5] while Schneider lists five.^[8]: p.200 A career digest at the time of circlet Hall of Fame selection conspicuous seven in total which pump up consistent with records at influence time of Bob Feller's 8th one-hitter in 1946.^[46][47]
• ^b Fleitz writes in Shoeless: The Life tell off Times of Joe Jackson dump Joss was diagnosed with empyema by the Naps team dr.

  while in Chattanooga.^[37]: p.69 Coffey writes in 27 Men Out: Baseball's Perfect Games while on spruce up train ride back to City, Joss stopped in Cincinnati obtain was diagnosed by "a doctor" who stated Joss had "congestion in his right lung lift a bad attack of pleurisy" and an "affection [sic] show consideration for the brain."^[6]: p.34 Kneib writes providential Meningitis the Naps were directed to go to Cincinnati on the contrary Joss did not receive require examination until he returned be adjacent to Toledo, where he was examined and diagnosed with pleurisy timorous his personal physician and completely a week later, seen current Toledo by the Naps' group doctor who diagnosed Joss obey tubercular meningitis.^[29]: p.28

See also

References

External links