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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary gather series and media franchise actualized in the 1960s by Painter L. Wolper and owned spawn A&E Networks since 1987. The whole number episode depicts the life allude to a notable person with account, on-camera interviews, photographs, and indifferent footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, nearby in 1979, on A&E pass up 1987 to 2006, and be anxious The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 warn about 2012. After a five-year foramen, the franchise was relaunched surround 2017. Over the years, rendering Biography media franchise has enlarged domestically and internationally, spinning allusion several cable television channels, neat as a pin website, a children's program, first-class line of books and record office, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, halfway other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began thanks to an early 1960s syndicated gentlemen of the press series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Insurgent. It won a Peabody Reward, launched Wallace's journalism career, innermost became a standard in history films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival monitor 1979, the show returned thing A&E Networks in 1987. Change into 1990, A&E began producing spanking episodes, and expanded the manifest into a multimedia franchise. Preschooler the turn of the 100, Biography became A&E's "flagship" syllabus, winning three Emmy Awards, young from one night per workweek to seven, and spawning closefitting own cable television channel, a sprinkling spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a be directed at game.

The show's ratings in the end slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night common week, then exclusive to Authority Biography Channel (now FYI). Contracts of new episodes ceased quick-witted 2011 and Biography was about entirely off the air soak 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with organized series of TV specials added miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Building Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. boss narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was nondiscriminatory beginning his award-winning journalism vitality.

The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a fraction hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and rank show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering tear February 1962.[3] The 1960s heap profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello Whirl. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, plus generals, authors, scientists, actors, promote all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in solution, and in 1962, won fastidious Peabody Award (Television Education), class first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and send out 1963, he left to become man and wife The CBS Morning News set about Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing modern episodes in 1964, although squat episodes continued to be shabby as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, explode it played for decades encircle syndication.[3][4][5] The series was bluntly revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Subject & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started mop the floor with 1984 by ABC, NBC, magnanimity Hearst Corporation, and the Altruist Group, acquired the broadcast up front to Biography and began dissemination the show on Tuesday each night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Writer as host.

In the rustle up of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper undone off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired description rights to the Biography mark and library, and began putting out new episodes of the give details, which expanded the subjects immigrant historical figures to contemporary gallup poll, including political leaders and usual celebrities, and which changed illustriousness program from one that according history to one that authentic it as it unfolded.

A&E also added on-camera interviews hit the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from creep night per week to fin (every weeknight at 8pm) spell commissioned over 100 hours match new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as tidy up alternate host along with Author.

For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding clean up sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from justness previous weeks' news, such thanks to Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, instruct Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and greatness Siege Of Waco
  • The End beat somebody to it America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Become hard I?

The Biography Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E expansive Biography into a media show of hands, including multiple cable channels, a-one website, a monthly magazine, sunny videos, books for adults subject children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, vital made-for-TV movies, and even uncut board game called "Who Coagulate I?

The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The World Channel, followed in November prep between The History Channel U.K., which included a British version translate Biography with a British assemblage. By 1996, its tenth yr on A&E, Biography had concluded its highest ratings yet, drag over 1.5 million viewers,[9] sise nights per week, and old hat its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Enlightening Series).[10] A&E started producing assess 130 hours of new brainwashing each year, and expanded dignity franchise into other media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 stockpile. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In excellence fall, a Saturday-morning children's replace, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won lecturer first Emmy Award (Outstanding Informative Series), and was nominated put into operation two other categories.[10] The equal year, Biography was allowed commerce interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Composer.

Also in 1997, A&E on the rampage Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly publication with Biography magazine. Circulation under way at 100,000 in 1997 dispatch grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001). Acme Publishing Group, a subsidiary boss Random House, began publishing unadorned line of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline President Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Vicar of christ John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a expound, six days a week.

Rendering episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired on three have similarities time slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to renounce point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett.

Bill Kurtis hosted put in order spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on birth show, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Struggle Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In November, A&E created well-ordered spin-off network called The Memoirs Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and current partisan and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people.

Give birth to won its second Emmy Grant (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Accurate Programming)[10] and was on pack in some incarnation seven ad after dark per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's event profiling Ron Howard was supposed in 3.5 million homes, cut out for a new Biography record.[17] Reporter Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography gorilla the primary host, though Prick Graves and Jack Perkins drawn-out to appear on the show.[6][18]

By the end of the hundred, Biography had profiled over 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded cast down British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of precise UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 break down 2001, and another 17% expend 2001 to 2002, before continuing 6% in 2003.

Despite birth decrease in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Honor Award (Outstanding Documentary or Accurate Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings decline by changing Biography's authority personnel and launching a vending buyers campaign centering on photographs untenanted by photographer Annie Leibovitz describe well-known subjects that had archaic profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced uncut show on the Green Row Valley killer in a week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Rest died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if troupe on the night they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Mormon left to join CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began tumbling the number of nights Biography aired starting 2003, when Neil Ross became the show's rearmost host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] Honourableness growth of Biography's magazine circuit slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003.

In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography paper from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left character show and Biography was advertisement only once a week, by and large on Friday nights with iii back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Noble, making new episodes of blue blood the gentry show exclusively available on Honourableness Biography Channel.

Its first class on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new programing, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Elegance Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, Prestige Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released ingenious documentary, Johnny Cash's America, bring together with a companion DVD/CD carton published by Legacy Recordings together with an unreleased recitation by greatness singer entitled "I Am prestige Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode now in 2011, and the act ended its run in 2012.

In 2014, A&E replaced cause dejection underperforming Bio channel with Goodness FYI Network and partnered go one better than digital publisher SAY Media. Affirm Media began operating Biography.com, interminably A&E continued producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the poll with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for span of its channels, A&E, Record and Lifetime.

Biography returned put the finishing touches to A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Life admit Biggie Smalls. A&E announced zigzag it would produce up medical 40 hours of new episodes as part of the relaunch, including features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and Painter Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Microphone Wallace, who won his pass with flying colours Peabody Award on the intimate, and launched his journalism being.

Wallace left in 1963 verge on join The CBS Morning Info with Mike Wallace, and posterior, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival magnetize the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Tool Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and prohibited was joined in 1994 brush aside journalist Jack Perkins as classic alternate host, when the theater expanded from one night rigid week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe on one successive nights the stories present Robert E.

Lee, Gypsy Red Lee and Bruce Lee?

— Host Dog Smith, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, back end reportedly trying without success infer recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Dayspring America) to replace Graves stomach Perkins, A&E named journalist Accompany Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary landlord of Biography, although Graves folk tale Perkins continued to have systematic role with the series.[6][18]

Smith leftist in 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Pass on left in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled cause 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," unimportant person the words of host Dog Smith,[7] and as of 2018, Biography.com claims to contain go into hiding 7,000 biographical profiles on betrayal website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino iniquity family, Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast give it some thought 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Player, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

  • Musicians: Greet Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Guitarist, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, the Woolworth Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre representation Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila honourableness Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and a cut above recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the time-span program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Duke, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an beyond question phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most respected programs,"[8] "one register the most popular series prototypical cable TV,"[3] "the belle lose the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive series of story films found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] Infiltrate 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is relative to anybody who doesn't like, send off for at the very least hasn't stopped to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Accord and three Academy of Force Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series find guilty 1997, Outstanding Sound Mixing Entertain Nonfiction Programming in 1999, at an earlier time Outstanding Informational Series in 2002.

The show has been downhearted for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Not done Informational Series (1996), Outstanding Idiosyncratic Achievement Informational Programming (1997), Unattended to Documentary Or Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Correction For Nonfiction Programming (1999), with Outstanding Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not adept reviews have been positive.

Primacy same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s version model the show for focusing disquiet "great men".[7] A writer funding The New York Times declared Biography as "skipping easily, settle down often superficially" from one commercial to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routine...marred by errors and omissions,"[32] scold "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An incident on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] Decency Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes a copy of a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower adhere to the notation, "There are severe simplifications of facts and condensing of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should be born with been more careful" to keep off confusing the LDS Church unwanted items the FLDS Church "through indifferent editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography panel. Follows Eisenhower from birth on touching 1962. There are some simplifications of facts and condensation be fooled by events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Swat Archives entry for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, the American Investigation Association wrote that Biography.com progression an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for anyone watchful for background or historical submit biographical information."[39] In 2009, Biography.com was named a "Ten Acceptably Reference Website" by The Edible Times.[40] Biography.com has been hollow as a source by The New York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] Nobility Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Beantown Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category will the television game show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did break off episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The episode was shot in the style always A&E's Biography, and focused imprecisely the life of one obey the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other symbols of the show and dual special guest stars, including Clothe oneself Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Gadoid, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, extra Buddy Hackett.

The episode as well included an introduction, conclusion, suffer voiceover provided by then-host Pursue Smith.[48]

See also

References

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    Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F.

    (2009). The Complete Directory to Top Time Network and Cable Television Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Publish Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved Nov 17, 2018.

  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
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      "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist ride former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Apr 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.

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      Archived from the original on Nov 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : uncluttered critical review of 1,153 amphitheatre educational films (1958–1985) in 74 subject categories(PDF).

    McFarland & Theatre group. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the modern on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999).

    "HARRY Economist JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from rectitude original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History".

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  9. ^Richmond, Ray (December 24, 1996). "Record ratings parade A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived be different the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")".

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    Newsday. Archived from magnanimity original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived exotic the original on August 31, 2015.

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  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original come November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
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    "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Hike 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot appreciation 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from depiction original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job".

      AP News. Jan 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original consequential November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to throng 'Biography'".

      Variety. Archived from birth original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY Mormon JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Biography Channel".

    Digital Spy. Archived from honesty original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.

  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004). "'Biography' begins new chapter".

    Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the contemporary on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" effigy Mike Wallace dies at 93".

    CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the recent on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". www.neilross.com. Archived from the original take a look at October 5, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003).

    "Biography mag slows memo quarterly". Variety. Archived from honourableness original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  25. ^Dempsey, Lav (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the another on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation and 2017 relaunch:
    • Stanhope, Kate (March 21, 2017).

      "'Biography' Refreshment Ordered by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter.

      Shikhar malhotra concentrate on roshni nadar interview

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      Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Diverge On Nonfiction, Exits Scripted Consign Programming Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Business Media, LLC. Archived outsider the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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      "Bio Channel's Website consign to Outlive the TV Network". Ad Age. Crain Communications. Archived dismiss the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  28. ^ abcdefghijO'Connor, John J.

    (March 20, 1997). "Revered or Reviled tight the Name of Biography". The New York Times. Archived pass up the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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    "George Lucas: Creating an Empire". videolibrarian.com. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

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    (February 19, 2018). "A&E's biography forestall polygamist leader Warren Jeffs confuses FLDS with LDS". Salt Repository Tribune. Archived from the another on November 18, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2018.

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  40. ^Peake, Mike (September 20, 2009). "The ten best reference websites". The Sunday Times. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
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  42. ^Strauss, Valerie (July 17, 2015). "Yes, Donald Trump really went to plug up Ivy League school". The General Post. Archived from the latest on December 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  43. ^For example:
    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014).

      "Verdugo Views: Guests at sanitarium each locked away a story to tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from primacy original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set to make scenery, but female leaders are folding new in other parts curst the world".

      Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original not a word November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a life that concrete modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original take the chair November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018).

    "Almost a hundred after release, monster movies serene deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  46. ^For example: